The ligamentum teres is one of the most overlooked structures in the hip joint.

Historically, it was thought to play a minimal role in function. But more recent research suggests it may contribute to hip stability, particularly in positions of deep flexion, adduction, and external rotation. It also appears to have a sensory role, meaning it may be a source of pain in some individuals.

Injuries to the ligamentum teres can occur with trauma, repetitive hip rotation, or underlying instability. Symptoms are often vague and may include deep groin pain, clicking, locking, or a sense of giving way.

Rehab should focus less on the ligament itself and more on improving overall hip stability and control. Strengthening the surrounding musculature, especially the deep hip rotators and glutes, is key.

📚The trapezius is one of the largest and most important muscles of the upper body, spanning from the base of the skull, down the cervical and thoracic spine, and out to the shoulder blade. It is divided into upper, middle, and lower fibers, with each region contributing to different movements and postural control.

🔎The upper trapezius helps elevate the shoulder blade, assist with upward rotation of the scapula, and contribute to neck extension and side bending. The middle trapezius primarily retracts the scapula, helping pull the shoulder blades back toward the spine. The lower trapezius helps depress the scapula and also plays a major role in upward rotation, especially during overhead arm movement.

🧠Functionally, the trapezius is critical for shoulder mechanics, neck support, and upper body stability. It works continuously during reaching, lifting, carrying, and maintaining posture, making it essential for efficient movement and reducing excess strain on the neck and shoulders.

Hi Tom,

Could you share some insight? After a trip and fall forward on my knees, I am having extreme pain behind the knee when in full flexion. The evening after it happened, the pain started at about 45 degree flexion. It has improved since the fall, doesnt hurt when standing or in extension. Now if I squat to get something from the floor, it really hurts.

The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy produces clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) that cover various common conditions and the evidence surrounding the treatment of that condition. In October of 2025, the hip osteoarthritis CPG was updated.

Here is a link for the article, in case you want to learn more about which interventions have the most research support for treating hip OA.

https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2025.0301

Hello, I am looking for information on hearing loss specifically in relation to neck issues. I have a client who has hearing loss and wears hearing aids in both ears. They've had "all the tests" but none of the tests give any clue what the cause of their hearing loss is. They do report a sore neck for the past 15 years which coincides with the duration of their hearing loss. They haven't been investigated for Eagle Syndrome. And haven't had their tonsils removed. They don't report any trauma to their head or neck. They are 48 years old. They are experiencing loss of confidence. I've tried literature searches but so far haven't found anything "helpful." 🙏 for any assistance, Caroline